Marcel Haas, Roy Slaterus & CDNA

This is the 34th annual report on rare birds in the Netherlands to be published in Dutch Birding. It comprises records from 2013 as well as belated and reconsidered records, dating back to 1942, which have been evaluated by the Dutch rarities committee, the Commissie Dwaalgasten Neder­landse Avifauna (CDNA). Several 2013 reports are still under review or awaiting submission and could therefore not be included. In addition, some reports for 2012 and earlier years are still under consideration for various reasons. The increase in records entered online on internet portals, such as www.waarneming.nl, reveals many new details about past records. When involving date extensions, these are presented in this report.

Details included for each record are, if avail­able: date(s); location and/or municipality (municipal divisions as on 1 January 2014); province; number of birds if more than one, plumage and sex; type of record if ringed, photograph­ed, sound-recorded, videoed or found dead (and where specimen is stored, if known); names of up to three observers involved in finding, identifying and recording, and relevant references in the literature, which normally include (inter)national but not regional journals, and published photographs. A compilation of most rarities videoed can be found in Plomp (2014). Records from 2012 lasting into 2013 that already have been published in the 2012 report (Ovaa et al 2013) are repeated here without reference. Observations not (yet) submitted but mentioned in the 2012 report are not repeated in this report. The sequence of the records in the species accounts is from the current year backwards, with records within one year presented chronologically. Numbers after each (sub)species' name refer to the total number of individuals 1 from 1 January 1800 to 31 December 1979, 2 since 1 January 1980 but excluding 3 the current year. Taxa marked with an asterisk * are new to the Dutch list.

The following CDNA members voted on some or all of the records in this report: Rob S A van Bemmelen, Sander Bot, Nils van Duivendijk (chair­man), Dick Groenendijk (former chairman), Ies Meulmeester, Arjan Ovaa, Willem van Rijswijk (secretary), Roy Slaterus, Arend Wassink and Rik Winters. Marcel Haas supported the committee as a non-voting archivist and assisted in submitting many reports published on national and regional websites. Reports can be submitted, preferably using the electronic submission form on www.dutchavifauna.nl or filling in this form after entering a record on www.waarneming.nl. Reports can also be sent by ordinary mail to CDNA, Duinlust­parkweg 98A, 2082 EG Santpoort-Zuid. The online database (Dutch Avifauna) contains all records of rare birds up to 2013 (cf Dutch Birding 34: 346, 2012). On this website, also recently accepted records or rejected reports as well as reports currently under review are listed.

Decisions regarding taxonomy have been delegated to the Dutch committee for avian systematics (Commissie Systematiek Nederlandse Avifauna; CSNA), which on 1 January 2014 consisted of the following members: Arnoud B van den Berg, André J van Loon, C S (Kees) Roselaar and George Sangster (secretary).

In 2013, at least 375 species were recorded, which is 12 species above the mean of 363 over 2001-10. This number may rise depending on reports still in circulation. Three taxa were new to the Dutch list in 2013: Atlantic Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata dartfordiensis (previously, records of Dartford were not accepted to subspecies level), Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes (Western Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin C g galactotes) and Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula (Bronzed Grackle Q q versicolor), with which the Dutch list now numbers 506 species. Other highlights for 2013 included the second to seventh Pallid Swift Apus pallidus, third Rufous Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis meena (this report also includes the second, from 2010), Kumlien's Gull Larus glaucoides kumlieni and Two-barred Warbler Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus, fourth Northern Hawk-Owl Surnia ulula and Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata, sixth Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus, seventh and eighth Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina, eighth Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus and Eurasian Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum, and ninth Richardson's Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii, Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis and Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii. In addition, 2013 was a good year for, eg, Green-winged Teal Anas carolinensis, Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes, Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus, Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor, Siberian Lesser Whitethroat S althaea blythi, River Warbler L fluviatilis and Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus with four records, Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus with five, American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica with six, Booted Warbler Iduna caligata with seven, Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum with eight, and Greenish Warbler P trochiloides and Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera bifasciata with 10. Also included in this report is the second Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni dating from 2002 and the (then) fourth Sardinian Warbler S melanocephala from 1996. Furthermore, an invasion of c 200 Parrot Crossbills L pytyopsittacus occurred, resulting in the removal from the list of taxa considered by the CDNA.

Systematic list of records

Richardson's Cackling Goose / Kleine Canadese Gans
Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii 0,8,1
23-27 February, Vriezenveen, Twenterand, Overijssel, photographed, videoed (P Knolle, C Derks et al; Dutch Birding 35: 142, plate 173, 2013).
This goose is still very rare, with previous records in March 1997, from November 1997 to January 1998, in February 1998, in April 1998 (two), from December 2002 to March 2004, in April 2008 and in January 2011.

Ross's Goose / Ross' Gans
Anser rossii 0,12,0
2010 9 March, Sliedrechtse Biesbosch, Dordrecht, Zuid-Holland, white morph, photographed (H Gebuis, P A Wolf, T O V Muusse et al); 21 March to 22 May, several sites around Lauwersmeer, Dongeradeel/De Marne, Friesland/Groningen, and Ferwert (Ferwerd), Ferwerderadiel, Friesland, white morph, photographed.
The location of a bird in Friesland and Groningen in 2010, mentioned in Ovaa et al (2013), was in need of change as it was seen well outside the Lauwersmeer area during the end of May.

Lesser White-fronted Goose / Dwerggans
Anser erythropus -,63,-
1989 25 December, Kievitslanden, Dronten, Flevoland (E Russer).
The species is no longer considered since 1 January 1990 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

King Eider / Koningseider
Somateria spectabilis 1,13,1
16 March, Paal 19, Terschelling, Friesland, adult male, photographed (J J de Vries, J Vink et al; Dutch Birding 35: 210, plate 259, 2013).
On 21 April and 13 May 2011, a third calendar-year male was photographed on Ameland, Friesland, and Vlieland, Friesland, respectively (Dutch Birding 33: 269, plate 337, 2011). The adult male photographed on Terschelling may have been the same individual. The last long-staying birds were 13 years ago, when up to two males stayed on Texel, Noord-Holland, from August 2000 to July 2001.

Surf Scoter / Brilzee-eend
Melanitta perspicillata 3,24,2
8 February to 31 March, Brouwersdam, Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, first-winter female, photograph­ ed, videoed (G Tanis et al); 19 October, Rottumerplaat, Eemsmond, Groningen, adult male, photograph­ed (M Zekhuis et al); 31 December to 22 February 2014, Noordzeestrand, Schiermonnikoog, Friesland, adult male, photographed (E B Ebels, T Bakker et al).
Since 2000, this species has occurred almost annually, with records in 2000, 2003, 2004 (three), 2005 (three), 2007, 2008 (three), 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2013 (two); before 2000, there was a gap without records since 1988. The bird at Brouwersdam is considered the same that stayed there on 18-21 December 2012 (Ovaa et al 2013).

Ring-necked Duck / Ringsnaveleend
Aythya collaris 5,30,0
14 January to 3 May, Weerribben, Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, adult female, photographed (J Bredenbeek et al).
This concerns a returning bird which visited the same area in April 2011, January and April 2012 and again in February 2014.

Lesser Scaup / Kleine Topper
Aythya affinis 0,8,1
29 April, Stellendam, Goedereede, Zuid-Holland, male, photographed (G Tanis et al).
The first record since January-March 2009 and March-May 2010, when up to two males occurred at Oude Zeug, Wieringermeer, Noord-Holland.

White-headed Duck / Witkopeend
Oxyura leucocephala 5,14,0
2012 23-26 March, Starrevaart, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Zuid-Holland, female type, photographed (K Dijkstra, S Schilperoort et al).
1988 9 December to 9 March 1989, Maasdijk, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, first-winter or female, photographed (J Walhout).
The record in 1988/89 concerns a date extension with one extra day.

Bufflehead / Buffelkopeend
Bucephala albeola 0,3,0
17 September 2012 to 3 May and 16 October to 3 June 2014, Gaatkensplas and surroundings, Barendrecht, Zuid-Holland, adult male, photographed (S Elzerman et al).
This returning adult male stayed at Barendrecht for its 10th consecutive winter.

Baikal Teal / Siberische Taling
Anas formosa 8,3,1
14 December to 1 January 2014, Meinerswijk, Arnhem, and Driel, Overbetuwe, Gelderland, male, photographed (E Vierling, M Berlijn et al; Dutch Birding 36: 58, plate 75, 2014).
Although the photographs showing this bird's legs were of low quality, the CDNA is convinced it was unringed.

American Wigeon / Amerikaanse Smient
Anas americana 6,58,3
20 January to 16 February, Eiland van Maurik, Buren, Gelderland, and Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Utrecht, adult male, photographed, videoed (P J G Gelderblom et al; Dutch Birding 35: 140, plate 170, 2013); 28 February to 6 March, Sloehaven, Ritthem, Vlissingen, Zeeland, male, photographed (C Beeke et al); 25 December and 19-20 January 2014, Drontermeer, Elburg, Gelderland, adult male, photographed (M Jansen).
1978 18 November, Ooijpolder, Ubbergen, Gelderland, male (G van Aalst).
The record in 1978 becomes the fifth. The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Blue-winged Teal / Blauwvleugeltaling
Anas discors 6,33,1
26 April to 8 May, It Heidenskip, Súdwest-Fryslân, Fries­land, adult male, photograph­ed (Y Galama, H Valkema et al; Dutch Birding 35: 210, plate 257, 2013).

Falcated Duck / Bronskopeend
Anas falcata 0,11,1
19 March to 19 April, Spijkenisse, Spijkenisse, Zuid-Holland, male, photographed, videoed (C de Nooijer et al; Birding World 26: 99, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 196, plate 226, 209, plate 254, 2013).
This male clearly had no rings and it was photographed exceptionally well. Its behaviour was compatible with a wild bird and it stayed with Eurasian Wigeons A penelope, with which it shares parts of the breeding range.

Green-winged x Common Teal / Amerikaanse Winter­taling x Wintertaling
Anas crecca x carolinensis 0,3,0
2006 22 November, De Putten, Camperduin, Bergen, Noord-Holland, male, photographed (R E Brouwer).
Previous records were males in April 1989 (also at De Putten) and April 1991.

Green-winged Teal / Amerikaanse Wintertaling
Anas carolinensis 6,51,4
22 March, De Marsen, Coevorden, Drenthe, male, photographed (F van der Wielen et al; Dutch Birding 35: 210, plate 258, 2013); 13-14 April, Oude Waal, Ooij­polder, Ubbergen, Gelderland, male, photographed (M Wilkinson et al); 10 May, Oosterschar, Skarsterlân, Friesland, male, photograph­ed (S Bernardus, V Douwes); 4-5 July, Ezumakeeg, Dongeradeel, Friesland, male, photographed (R Romijn, N van Zalinge, R van Zalinge); 15-16 November, Dijkmanshuizen, Texel, Noord-Holland, adult male, photograph­ed (D Kok et al).
The bird on Texel is considered a returning male which was previously recorded from October 2008 to April 2009, in October-November 2010 and in Novem­ber 2011. The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Rufous Turtle Dove / Meenatortel
Streptopelia orientalis meena 0,2,1
11-13 October, Kooiweg, Schiermonnikoog, Friesland, adult, photograph­ed (M Bunskoek, T Glastra et al; Bunskoek 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 424, plate 550, 2013).
2010 16 November, at sea, 53°25'N 03°39'E, Continentaal Plat (north-west off Texel, Noord-Holland), first-year, photographed (via R Neumann).
The bird in 2010 was photographed by a German fisherman aboard a ship and becomes the second record. The bird on Schiermonnikoog came soon after the first (and widely twitched) from December 2009 to April 2010 and received only little attention.

Pallid Swift / Vale Gierzwaluw
Apus pallidus 0,1,6
24-26 October, Vlieland, Friesland, photographed (L Buckx et al; Ebels et al 2013b; Dutch Birding 35: 426, plate 551-552, 2013); 25 October, Camping Kogerstrand and De Nederlanden, Texel, Noord-Holland, photo­graph­ed (H Blom et al; Ebels et al 2013b); 25 October, Lauwersoog, De Marne, Groningen, photographed (F J Hoogstra et al; Ebels et al 2013b); 25-26 October, De Ven, Enkhuizen, Enkhuizen, Noord-Holland, photographed (G Kenter, M Veldt et al; Ebels et al 2013b; Dutch Birding 35: 426, plate 553, 2013); 2 November, Neeltje Jans, Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, photo­graphed, videoed (I Goedbloed, R Hofland, S Schagen et al; Ebels et al 2013b; Dutch Birding 35: 426, plate 554, 2013, 36: 58, plate 70, 2014); 2 November, Groot-IJsselmonde, Rotterdam, and 3 November, Jan Dammassestraat, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, juvenile, photographed, picked up and taken into care, ringed and released at Plaat van Scheelhoek, Stellendam, Zuid-Holland, on 8 November (W van Rijswijk et al; Ebels et al 2013b; Birding World 26: 459, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 427, plate 555-556, 2013).
These birds constituted the second to seventh records, and were part of an influx into north-western Europe, with several being recorded in Belgium, Britain and Denmark, one in Germany and the first for Poland (van den Berg & Haas 2013). The first record was on Vlieland, Friesland, on 20-21 October 2006. A further eight reports were considered not acceptable, because of the difficulties to rule out Common Swift A apus; distinguishing these sibling species requires high-quality photographs.

Alpine Swift / Alpengierzwaluw
Apus melba 7,50,3
19 June, Rolde, Aa en Hunze, Drenthe, photographed (A-W Faber); 15 October, Muiderzand, Almere, Flevo­land, photograph­ed (H Koffijberg); 30 October, Tweede Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland (B de Bruijn, B Endevoets, A Sijbers).

Little Crake / Klein Waterhoen
Porzana parva 36,20,3
9 May to 17 June, Beulakerpolder, De Wieden, Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, male, sound-recorded (M Bunskoek et al); 19 May to 1 June, De Onlanden, Peizermade, Tynaarlo, Drenthe, male, sound-recorded (R Winters et al); 6 June to 1 July, Oosterschar, Skarsterlân, Friesland, male, sound-recorded (K Jager, R Slaterus, J Breidenbach et al).
1996 August, IJssel, Deventer, Deventer, Overijssel, first-year, found dead, skin retained at Naturalis Bio­diversity Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland (J Stuart via J J F J Jansen, C S Roselaar).

Demoiselle Crane / Jufferkraanvogel
Grus virgo 0,1,0
After a review of the three remaining records, only one is still considered acceptable as a presumed genuine vagrant: an unringed immature photographed flying south along the coast of Zuid-Holland on 9 October 2010 (cf Ovaa et al 2011). The CDNA concluded that the one near Asten, Noord-Brabant, in spring and early summer of 1991-95 (previously accepted; van der Vliet et al 2002) was presumably one of the two individuals present in the same area from 25 July to 12 September 1989 (Berlijn 1991). Since the two of 1989 were first accepted (van den Berg et al 1991) and then rejected (van den Berg et al 1993, cf van den Berg & Bosman 2001), this also applies for the bird in 1991-95. Besides, the absence of rings and the state of the plumage has not been well documented in the returning bird of 1991-95. The two seen in 1989 were considered escapes based on a report by the late Rob Bouwman (cf van den Berg et al 1993) that two had escaped from Animali zoo at Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, in spring 1989. Recently submitted photographs of an individual in flight near Enschede, Overijssel, in August 2000 (previously accepted; van der Vliet et al 2003) show a wing clip and this bird is therefore now also considered to have escaped from captivity.

Yellow-billed Loon / Geelsnavelduiker
Gavia adamsii 21,16,1
13-18 February, Grevelingen, Sirjansland, and Bommenede, Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, and Herkingen, Goeree-Overflakkee, Zuid-Holland, first-winter, photographed (M Hoekstein et al; Birding World 26: 98, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 134, plate 160, 139, plate 167, 2013).
The 38th record but only the fifth since 2000. The previous twitchable one was nearly 20 years ago when a first-winter stayed near Reeuwijk, Zuid-Holland, from 30 December 1995 to 28 January 1996.

Squacco Heron / Ralreiger
Ardeola ralloides 25 (since 1866),58,2
13 and 25 June, Tiengemeten, Korendijk, Zuid-Holland, adult summer, photograph­ed (K Vliet Vlieland, F van den Berg); 15-16 June, Onnerpolder, Zuidlaardermeer, Haren, Groningen, and 17 June, Beilervaart, Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, adult summer, photograph­ed (C van Elderen, M van Elderen, G Kamps et al; Dutch Birding 35: 266, plate 356, 2013).

Pygmy Cormorant / Dwergaalscholver
Phalacrocorax pygmeus 0,5,1
7 May, Tuintjes, De Slufter and Polder Eijerland, Texel, Noord-Holland, photographed (D Kok, K de Jong, R Jansen).
This sixth Pygmy Cormorant was seen by three observers as it flew past, to the south. On the few record shots, the typical structure is just visible. Previous records were all in the first half of the year as well, in January 1999, June 1999, May 2000, March 2003 and May-June 2010. Given the recent increase in central Europe (Ławicki et al 2012), more records can be expected.

Atlantic Great Cormorant / Grote Aalscholver
Phalacrocorax carbo carbo 7,42,-
2008 7 September, Stellendam, Goeree-Overflakkee, Zuid-Holland, adult, photograph­ed (D Kok).
This taxon is no longer considered since 1 January 2009 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

American Golden Plover / Amerikaanse Goudplevier
Pluvialis dominica 1,36,6
17-23 May, Hoornsebos, Terschelling, Friesland, first-summer, photographed (H van Stijn, S Wytema et al); 25-26 May, Breebaartpolder, Delfzijl, Groningen, adult-summer male, photographed (F J Hoogstra et al); 26-28 May, Paesens, Dongeradeel, Friesland, photograph­ed (M Olthoff et al); 2-7 June, De Putten, Camperduin, Bergen, Noord-Holland, adult summer, photograph­ed, videoed (F Visscher et al; Birding World 26: 236, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 265, plate 353-354, 2013); 1 October, Molenpolder, Ten Boer, Groningen, adult, ringed, photograph­ed (J Ottens); 24 October, Idzega, Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, first-winter, ringed, photograph­ed (J A Strikwerda, J Jukema).
Six records in one year is a new record: four in 2008, 2009 and 2012 was the previous maximum. May seems to be the best month to find this species with a total of 14 records, followed by October with nine.

Pacific Golden Plover / Aziatische Goudplevier
Pluvialis fulva 9,40,2
2 July, Stinkgat, Tholen, Zeeland (H Verstraete, W Courtens); 24 July to 22 September, Ottersaat, Texel, Noord-Holland, adult, photographed, videoed (A Wassink et al; Dutch Birding 35: 354, plate 453, 2013).
Compared with American Golden Plover P dominica, Pacific Golden Plover is a typical summer species, with a total of 29 records in July-August; American Golden normally turns up in spring and autumn.

Greater Sand Plover / Woestijnplevier
Charadrius leschenaultii 1,13,1
18-19 July, Volharding, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, adult female, photograph­ed, videoed (J Ver­hees et al; Dutch Birding 35: 342, plate 429, 345, plate 433, 2013).
No less than 10 have occurred since 2000. August seems to be the best month with seven records. A previously accepted record in September 1994 at West­voorne, Zuid-Holland, has recently been retracted by one of the observers, and CDNA decided to reject the report, as descriptions by others were considered insufficient. The totals include three Anatolian Sand Plovers C l columbinus.

Baird's Sandpiper / Bairds Strandloper
Calidris bairdii 0,8,1
7 September, Kwade Hoek, Goedereede, Zuid-Holland, juvenile, photographed (G Tanis, B van Dijk).
This bird was seen by only two observers. Nearly all previous records were also in August-September: in September 1980, August 1981, July-August 1993, August 2003, September 2011, May 2012, August 2012 and September 2012.

White-rumped Sandpiper / Bonapartes Strandloper
Calidris fuscicollis 1,37,2
11-26 August, Paezemerlannen, Paesens, Dongeradeel, Friesland, adult, photographed (R Cazemier, S Bernardus, D Hoekstra et al); 14 December to 26 January 2014, Vossemeerdijk, Dronten, Flevoland, and Vossemeer, Kampen, Overijssel, first-winter, photographed, videoed (D Groenendijk et al).
The bird at Vossemeerdijk constituted the latest record and the first for December and January. It was a first-winter, like two previous birds in late autumn (November).

Buff-breasted Sandpiper / Blonde Ruiter
Calidris subruficollis 3,68,4
22-23 May, De Paalderen, Maren-Kessel, Lith, Noord-Brabant, male, photograph­ed (L Portengen et al); 2-3 August, Waterberging Noorderveld, Heemskerk, Noord-Holland, adult, photographed (Q L Slings et al; Dutch Birding 35: 354, plate 452, 2013); 5-14 August, Strand Ballum, Ameland, Friesland, adult, photograph­ed, videoed (L P Heemskerk et al); 5 Oktober, Tongplaat, Dordtse Biesbosch, Dordrecht, Zuid-Holland, and Polder Hardenhoek, Brabantsche Biesbosch, Werkendam, Noord-Brabant, photographed (I Leentvaar, B Verhoeven, P Ver­helst et al).
2012 19-25 May, Slikken van Flakkee, Dirksland, Zuid-Holland, adult, photograph­ed (R van Loo et al).
After the 11 birds in 2012 (cf Ovaa et al 2013), it was back to 'normal' in this year with four birds. The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Terek Sandpiper / Terekruiter
Xenus cinereus 1,51,5
17 May, Ketelmeer, Kampen, Overijssel, photographed (C Fikkert); 19-20 May, Telpost Noordkaap, Eemsmond, Groningen, photographed (P van Veelen et al); 24-27 May, Biezelingsche Ham, 's-Gravenpolder, Borsele, Zeeland, photographed, videoed (M Hoekstein et al); 27 May to 1 June, Landje van Gruiters, Spaarndam-West, Haarlem, Noord-Holland, male, photographed, sound-recorded, videoed (P van Wieringen, W Y van Wieringen et al; Birding World 26: 237, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 263, plate 348, 264, plate 351, 2013); 10-17 July, Breebaartpolder, Delfzijl, Groningen, photographed (P Imbos et al).
A record number. The previous record was four in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2012. The song and several other vocalizations of the individual at Spaarn­dam-West were sound-recorded and indicated that is was a male. The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Lesser Yellowlegs / Kleine Geelpootruiter
Tringa flavipes 2,25,4
9-10 June, Ezumakeeg, Dongeradeel, Friesland, photographed (M Olthoff et al; Dutch Birding 35: 265, plate 352, 2013); 31 August to 5 September, Starrevaart, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Zuid-Holland, and 3-4 September, Warmond, Teylingen, Zuid-Holland, adult, photographed (W van der Ham et al; Dutch Birding 35: 348, plate 441, 2013); 7-9 September, Hengforderwaarden, Olst-Wijhe, Overijssel, adult, photographed (P Schermerhorn et al); 23 November into 2014, Vatrop, Wieringen, Hollands Kroon, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed, videoed (H Niesen, C Hopman et al; Dutch Birding 36: 56, plate 66-67, 131, plate 155, 2014).
Four in one year equals the four in 2004; 2008 is still the record year with six.

Marsh Sandpiper / Poelruiter
Tringa stagnatilis 53,111,-
1988 20 August, Oostvaardersplassen, Lelystad, Flevoland (E Russer, M van Lokven).
1985 27 July, Oostvaardersplassen, Lelystad, Flevoland (E Russer, N Marra sr, A Noorlander).
The species is no longer considered since 1 January 1993 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Long-billed Dowitcher / Grote Grijze Snip
Limnodromus scolopaceus 0,35,4
3-5 May, Kwade Hoek, Goedereede, Zuid-Holland, adult summer, photographed (G Tanis et al); 25 July to 11 August, Oudega, Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, photographed (D Pruiksma et al); 24 August to 3 September, Waterberging Twisk, Medemblik, Noord-Holland, adult summer, moulting into winter plumage, photographed, sound-recorded (P van Franeker et al; Dutch Birding 35: 354, plate 451, 2013); 3-20 November, Bantpolder, Dongeradeel, Friesland, adult winter (M Olthoff et al).
The bird at Bantpolder, Friesland, in November was also seen in January 2014 on a single date and may have been the same as the first-winter here in November 2012 (Ovaa et al 2013).

Great Snipe / Poelsnip
Gallinago media -,38,0
2005 5 September, Vilsterense Hei, Ommen, Overijssel (E Goutbeek).
Great Snipe was not considered by CDNA before 1 January 1977 and since then it has proven to be quite rare. Since 2000, there have been 17 records, in 2002 (two), 2003, 2005 (two), 2006 (two), 2008 (five), 2009 (two), 2010 and 2011 (two). The number of reports deemed unacceptable (see Systematic list of rejected reports) show that it is notoriously difficult to submit convincing documentation. Most sightings - either accepted or not - concern birds flushed and seen only a few seconds.

Black-winged Pratincole / Steppevorkstaartplevier
Glareola nordmanni 12,25,1
8-9 July, Holwerder- en Blijsterpolder, Dongeradeel, Friesland, and 23 July, Noordzeestrand, Schiermonnik­oog, Friesland, and 18-23 September, Ezumakeeg and Bant­polder, Dongeradeel, Friesland, adult, photograph­ed, videoed (M Stienstra, W van der Woning, W Hartholt et al).
The CDNA decided that all reports concerned the same individual.

Black-winged Kite / Grijze Wouw
Elanus caeruleus 1,6,0
2012 19-20 May, Binnenveld, Wageningen, Gelderland, and 20 May, Achterberg, Rhenen, Utrecht, photographed.
This record was mentioned in Ovaa et al (2013) for Utrecht only but, on 19-20 May, it was first seen in Gelderland and on 20 May it flew into Utrecht.

Greater Spotted Eagle / Bastaardarend
Aquila clanga 15,14,0
2003 4 January, Slikken van Flakkee, Dirksland, Zuid-Holland, immature (D van Straalen et al).
Previously accepted as 'spotted eagle' A pomarina/clanga but resubmitted because available field sketches had initially not been included in the submission (cf van der Vliet et al 2004).

Golden Eagle / Steenarend
Aquila chrysaetos 10,6,1
23 July, Roggebotzand, Dronten, Flevoland, second calendar-year, photographed (G Best, J van Veen; Dutch Birding 35: 346, plate 434, 2013).
The first record since the one present in Drenthe in February-March 2002. It was seen in flight only and photographed very well.

Booted Eagle / Dwergarend
Aquila pennata 0,21,1
16 June, Strabrechtse Heide, Heeze-Leende, Noord-Brabant, pale morph, photographed (R Kastelijn, R van den Heuvel; Dutch Birding 35: 266, plate 357, 2013).
Since the first record in May 1992, there have been only two truly twitchable birds: in July 1995 at Hoge Veluwe, Gelderland, and in June-July 2000 at Grebbe­berg, Utrecht. One was taken into care on Vlieland, Friesland, in October 2000 and, after recovery, released at Hoge Veluwe. All other records concerned birds flying past.

Pallid Harrier / Steppekiekendief
Circus macrourus 5,77,-
2011 17 September, Staphorst, Staphorst, Overijssel, juvenile male, photograph­ed (R Smabers).
The species is no longer considered since 1 January 2012 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Long-legged Buzzard / Arendbuizerd
Buteo rufinus 1,6,1
25 September to 25 March 2014, Tweede Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, juvenile, photographed, videoed (G Bakker et al; Dutch Birding 35: 408, plate 521-522, 2013, 36: 61, plate 79, 2014).
This long-staying individual was very popular, as it was only the second twitchable after one in September 2000. On 25 October 2014, the bird returned, presumably to winter again.

Ross's Gull / Ross' Meeuw
Rhodostethia rosea 1,16,0
2011 25 October and 1 and 24 November, Egmond aan Zee, Bergen, Noord-Holland, and 3 and 24 November, Camperduin, Bergen, Noord-Holland, adult winter (W van Splunder, N F van der Ham, R E Brouwer).
The CDNA concluded that all sightings between 25 October and 24 November refer to the same individual and concern a different one than an adult winter at many coastal sites in the southern half of the country (north up to Noordwijk, Zuid-Holland) between 21 April and 15 August 2011. This set of records shows the rewards of consistent seawatching.

Baltic Gull / Baltische Mantelmeeuw
Larus fuscus fuscus 0,25,4
16-20 June, Noordwijk aan Zee, Noordwijk, Zuid-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (F van der Meer et al); 20-22 June, Noordwijk aan Zee, Noordwijk, Zuid-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (R Slaterus, M van Kleinwee, M Bot); 22 June, Noordwijk aan Zee, Noordwijk, Zuid-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (M van Kleinwee, M Bot); 5-7 August, Papendorp, Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, fourth calendar-year, wearing colour-ring, photographed (H Bouman et al; Dutch Birding 35: 344, plate 430, 2013).
2011 19 June, Waterberging Noorderveld, Heemskerk, Heemskerk, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (R G M Altenburg); 7 August, Breda, Breda, Noord-Brabant, second calendar-year, photographed (J Nagtegaal).
2010 13 June, Strand Castricum, Castricum, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (R G M Altenburg; Dutch Birding 33: 308, plate 388, 2011).
2008 13 June, Erasmusgracht, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (R G M Altenburg); 11-19 August, Osdorppark, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (R G M Altenburg et al; Dutch Birding 30: 360, plate 438, 2008).
2006 1 September, IJmuiden, Velsen, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (M J M Muusse; Dutch Birding 33: 308, plate 391, 2011).
2005 5-11 June, Erasmusgracht, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photographed (R G M Altenburg; Dutch Birding 33: 306, plate 387, 2011).
2004 20 June to 1 July, Erasmusgracht, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photo­graph­ed (R G M Altenburg et al); 1-10 July, Eras­musgracht, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, second calendar-year, photograph­ed (R G M Altenburg et al).
The 10 records up to 2011 meet the criteria proposed by Altenburg et al (2011) and have been compiled by Ruud Altenburg and submitted. There have now been 29 records; the first was an adult on Vlieland, Friesland, on 18 December 2001. The three Noordwijk aan Zee records in 2013 also appeared to meet the criteria by Altenburg et al (2011). The remaining records are of birds ringed in the breeding range and read somewhere in the Netherlands. The fourth calendar-year at Utrecht, Utrecht, in August 2013, had been colour-ringed (black with white code J9LL) at C Buøya, Nordhorsvær, Sømna, Nordland, Norway, on 20 July 2010.

Kumlien's Gull / Kumliens Meeuw
Larus glaucoides kumlieni 0,2,1
24 December, Scheveningen, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, adult winter, photographed (V van der Spek, A Dwars­huis, H Batjes; van der Spek 2014; Dutch Birding 36: 57, plate 68, 247, plate 314-317, 2014).
The third record for this taxon and thoroughly documented. The two previous records were in January 2005 and April 2011. All three were seen by only a handful of observers.

Whiskered Tern / Witwangstern
Chlidonias hybrida 257,104,-
1995 28 May, Bovenwater, Lelystad, Lelystad, Flevoland, two (H Russer, E Russer).
The species is no longer considered since 1 January 1996 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Roseate Tern / Dougalls Stern
Sterna dougallii 3,32,1
24 June, Camperduin, Bergen, and 25 June, De Putten, Camperduin, Bergen, Noord-Holland, adult, photograph­ed (N F van der Ham, F Visscher et al; Dutch Birding 35: 264, plate 349, 2013).
This is the 12th record for this short stretch of North Sea coast, from where one-third of all records originate.

Pale Western Barn Owl / Witte Kerkuil
Tyto alba alba 3,8,1
24 October, Zwolle, Zwolle, Overijssel, photographed (J van Dijk et al).
This individual showed features of this taxon but the fact that sometimes young with pure white underparts are produced by parents with darker underparts shows that there seems to be a lot of variation. The CDNA will take this into account and is considering a review of all records (cf van Rijswijk 2009).

Northern Hawk-Owl / Sperweruil
Surnia ulula 1,2,1
12 November to 10 February 2014, Zwolle, Zwolle, Overijssel, first-winter, photographed, videoed (A Reitsma, J Schouten, J Zoeter et al; Uit de Weerd et al 2014; Birding World 26: 459, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 393, plate 489-490, 2013, 36: 1, plate 1-2, 3, plate 3-4, 4, plate 5-6, 7, plate 7-9, 8, plate 10, 2014).
For many birders and photographers, this spectacular owl was the highlight of 2013. The previous one was only twitchable for a day. It proved not only very popular with birders but, because of the extensive media attention it received, also attracted 100s of non-birders.

Eurasian Pygmy Owl / Dwerguil
Glaucidium passerinum 0,7,1
10 December to 6 February 2014, Oostermaet, Lettele, Deventer, Overijssel, photographed, videoed (M Oosterhuis et al; Ottens 2014; Dutch Birding 36: 60, plate 77, 61, plate 80, 65, plate 88-89, 136, plate 166, 2014).
The second twitchable bird, after the one at Leenderbos, Noord-Brabant, in February 2008. This attracted many birders (combining it with the Northern Hawk-Owl relatively nearby at Zwolle, Overijssel), although it was very elusive during the first weeks of its stay.

Boreal Owl / Ruigpootuil
Aegolius funereus 34,28,1
17 October, Eemshaven, Eemsmond, Groningen, first-year, ringed, photographed (L Tervelde, M Sandifort, M van Oosten; Sandifort 2014).
An unexpected find in a mist-net. In Drenthe, territories were established in several forestries in 2008-10. In 2013, no calling males were found (but no organised searches were held in this year).

Eurasian Scops Owl / Dwergooruil
Otus scops 5,5,1
18 September, Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, caught, taken into care, ringed, photographed (via Vogelklas Karel Schot; Dutch Birding 35: 411, plate 525, 2013).
After having spent three weeks in care, it was ringed and released at Klein Profijt, Rhoon, Zuid-Holland, on 7 October. Three out of 11 records have been at or near Rotterdam.

Snowy Owl / Sneeuwuil
Bubo scandiacus 7,9,2
15 and/or 16 December, Helder Platform, Continentaal Plat, immature female, photographed (F Meijer via C Zuhorn); 28 December, Sebastopol, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, and 30 December to 15 March 2014, Vlieland, Vlieland, Friesland, maximum of two (from 28 January to 27 February), first-winter females, photograph­ed, videoed, one found dead on 1 March 2014, skin retained at informatiecentrum De Noord­wester, Vlieland (C Zuhorn et al; Ottens 2014; Dutch Birding 36: 60, plate 76 and 78, 66, plate 90-91, 133, plate 159-160, 136, plate 167, 2014).
The first bird landed on the Helder oil platform between 15 December 09:00 and 16 December 09:00 and had moved on by 17:00 on 16 December. All birds were part of an influx of presumably Nearctic origin which brought a few more individuals in January 2014. In North America, a huge lemming peak on the Arctic breeding grounds was followed by a very large southward eruption, resulting in many individuals ending up in surprising places, including ships on their way to Europe. None of the individuals recorded this year could be directy linked to ship-assisted passage. For 19th century information on birds migrating over sea between North America and Scotland, see Gray (1871).

Lesser Kestrel / Kleine Torenvalk
Falco naumanni 0,1,1
2002 23 March, De Hoge Veluwe, Ede, Gelderland, female, photographed (W Wilmers).
The observer uploaded his photograph on a website and labelled it as Common Kestrel F tinnunculus. Then, the identification was questioned and it was agreed that the bird showed features of Lesser Kestrel. The location was beyond doubt as the picture showed the bird perched on a sign with the name of National Park De Hoge Veluwe. Establishing the correct date, however, was not straightforward as the uploaded photograph was a scan of a slide. In the end, the observer could trace the date to 23 March 2002.

Daurian Shrike / Daurische Klauwier
Lanius isabellinus 0,10,2
5-15 October, Vlieland, Vlieland, Friesland, and 19-24 October, Waverhoek, De Ronde Venen, Utrecht, first-winter, photograph­ed, videoed (M Collier, T van Schie, G van Zuijlen et al; Dutch Birding 35: 422, plate 548, 2013); 25 October, Harger- en Pettemerpolder, Bergen, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed (J Mulder).
The records on Vlieland and at Waverhoek (c 115 km apart) are considered to refer to the same individual, indicated by the same state of tail-feather moult.

Lesser Grey Shrike / Kleine Klapekster
Lanius minor 21,21,4
30 May to 2 June, Elsgeesterpolder, Voorhout, Teylingen, Zuid-Holland, adult male, photographed, videoed (A Steenvoorden et al; Birding World 26: 237, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 269, plate 364-365, 2013); 20-21 September, Polder Achthoven, Zederik, Zuid-Holland, adult, photographed (W Jongejan via A Boele); 16 October, Callantsoog, Schagen, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed (R Visscher, F Visscher et al; Dutch Birding 35: 415, plate 534, 2013); 24 October, De Muy, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed, videoed (R Wilschut et al; Dutch Birding 35: 415, plate 533, 2013).
A high number, considering that there were only 13 records in 1990-2012.

Greater Short-toed Lark / Kortteenleeuwerik
Calandrella brachydactyla 3,42,1
4 May, Sophiapolder, Oostburg, Sluis, Zeeland, photographed (T Luiten et al).
Since 1992, this species has occurred almost annually, with up to four records per year being the norm. The single record in 2013 was on a typical date, as 11 records are from the first week of May.

Red-rumped Swallow / Roodstuitzwaluw
Cecropis daurica 2,82,-
2004 28 April, Breskens, Sluis, Zeeland (G Bakker, P L Meininger).
2003 19 April, Drontermeer, Oldebroek, Gelderland, photographed (via R Wester).
1998 19 April, Ooijpolder, Ubbergen, Gelderland (F Willems, R Wester et al).
The individual in 2003 was already accepted for the province of Flevoland but was also seen in the province of Gelderland. The species is no longer considered since 1 January 2005 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Asian Red-rumped Swallow / Amoerroodstuitzwaluw
Cecropis daurica daurica/japonica 0,0,0
A Red-rumped Swallow photographed at IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, on 26 May (cf Dutch Birding 35: 273, plate 370, 2013) showed features of Asian Red-rumped Swallow and is still under review.

Two-barred Warbler / Swinhoes Boszanger
Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus 0,2,1
23 November to 3 January 2014, Kamperhoek, Dronten, Flevoland, first-winter, ringed, photographed, sound-recorded (M Roos, R Vermoolen et al; Dutch Birding 35: 394, plate 491, 2013, 36: 58, plate 71, 2014).
This elusive bird was eventually seen (or only heard) by many birders. The previous records were at Castricum, Noord-Holland, on 17 September 1990 (ringed) and on Terschelling, Friesland, on 2 October 1996. A bird previously rejected as Arctic Warbler P borealis on Texel, Noord-Holland, on 26 September 2009 was resubmitted as Two-barred Warbler but was not accepted (see Systematic list of rejected reports).

Greenish Warbler / Grauwe Fitis
Phylloscopus trochiloides 6,59,10
26 May, Dorpszicht, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (H Bouman et al); 28 May, Cadzand, Sluis, Zeeland, photographed, sound-recorded (J Buckens); 2 June, Tureluur, Staatsbossen, Texel, Noord-Holland, sound-recorded (R van der Meer et al); 2-13 June, Romeinenweerd, Venlo, Limburg, photographed, videoed (H Smits et al; Dutch Birding 35: 267, plate 359, 2013); 25 June, Planken Wambuis, Ede, Gelderland, sound-recorded (M Klemann); 23-24 August, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (D Kok et al); 12 September, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (A Wassink et al); 14-15 September, Westkapelle, Veere, Zeeland, photographed, sound-recorded (C Beeke et al); 18 September, Ouddorp, Goedereede, Zuid-Holland, sound-recorded (G Tanis et al); 22-23 September, Lange Dam, De Slufter, Texel, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed (R S A van Bemmelen et al).
With 10 records, 2013 was the best year ever, beating 1996 (seven), 2000 (five) and 2010 (five). Since 1998, this species has been recorded annually. The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Arctic Warbler / Noordse Boszanger
Phylloscopus borealis 2,17,1
24-26 September, Westplaat, Westvoorne, Zuid-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (B Dijkstra et al; Dutch Birding 35: 416, plate 536, 2013).
This bird was the first to be seen by many birders since the one at Petten, Noord-Holland, from 20 September to 1 October 2001.

Pallas's Leaf Warbler / Pallas' Boszanger
Phylloscopus proregulus 9,85,-
1996 27 October, Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland (H Russer et al).
1995 28 October, Westerheide, Arnhem, Gelderland, ringed (D Westra via R Wester; Zoetebier 1996).
The species is no longer considered since 1 January 1997 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Hume's Leaf Warbler / Humes Bladkoning
Phylloscopus humei 2,43,1
24-28 November, Kooibosch, Callantsoog, Schagen, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (M Renden, F Draaisma, M Haas et al).
21 December 2012 to 7 January, Duinpark and Berkheide, Katwijk aan Zee, Katwijk, Zuid-Holland, photograph­ed, videoed, sound-recorded; 22 December 2012 to 2 January, Beijum, Groningen, Groningen, photograph­ed, sound-recorded; 26 December 2012 to 18 January, Bosjes van Poot, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded.
The bird at Katwijk was considered a returning individual: it had also been wintering from 9 December 2011 to 22 April 2012 (Ovaa et al 2013).

Radde's Warbler / Raddes Boszanger
Phylloscopus schwarzi 2,31,1
30 September, Tweede Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, photograph­ed, videoed (B Verhoeven, T O V Muusse et al; Dutch Birding 35: 419, plate 542, 2013).
2012 20 October, Vliehors, Vlieland, Friesland, photographed (V Hart, G Bakker, R Halff et al).
The record on Vlieland on 20 October 2012 was mentioned in Ovaa et al (2013) without the name of the birder who found it.

bonelli's warbler / bergfluiter
Phylloscopus bonelli/orientalis 4,5,1
12 October, Tuintjes, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed (P de Man, A W J Meijer et al; Dutch Birding 35: 417, plate 538, 2013).
Although well observed and well photographed, it was not possible to establish to which species this silent bird belonged. Additional sightings for 13 and 14 October have only recently been submitted.

Iberian Chiffchaff / Iberische Tjiftjaf
Phylloscopus ibericus 2,29,2
25 April to 2 May, Donkere Duinen, Den Helder, Noord-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded (J van Dillen-Staal, M Renden et al; Dutch Birding 35: 211, plate 261, 2013); 17 May to 13 July, Sloterpark, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded, videoed (B van Dam, F Lanfermeijer et al).
2010 4-7 June, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (D Kok et al).
2001 26 May to 29 June, Belfeld, Venlo, Limburg, photographed, sound-recorded (E Russer).
The 2001 record concerns a date extension: it was previously accepted for 26 May to 24 June. The bird in June 2010 at Robbenjager is regarded as another individual than the one singing at the same spot on 25 May 2010.

* Atlantic Dartford Warbler / Atlantische Provençaalse Grasmus
Sylvia undata dartfordiensis 0,0,1
2-7 November, Westkapelle, Veere, Zeeland, male, photographed (P Beeke et al; Dutch Birding 36: 58, plate 72-73, 2014).
This is the eighth record of the species and seventh since 1995. Constantine et al (2012) explain what the differences are between two subspecies: Atlantic Dartford Warbler S u dartfordiensis and Mediterranean Dartford Warbler S u undata. This individual could be identified as Atlantic and therefore constitutes a new taxon for the Netherlands. A review of all previous seven Dartford records is currently in progress to determine to which subspecies they belong.

Western Subalpine Warbler / Westelijke Baardgrasmus
Sylvia inornata 0,3,1
6 August, Kennemerduinen, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, male, ringed, photographed (L Buckx, H Buckx, A B van den Berg; Dutch Birding 35: 354, plate 454, 2013).
DNA analysis revealed that this bird belonged to Western Subalpine Warbler. After review, only three previous records of this species remain: at Maasvlakte, Zuid-Holland, on 30 May 1998, on Vlieland, Friesland, on 3-6 October 2004 and at Den Helder, Noord-Holland, on 23-25 April 2008 (cf Wassink & CDNA 2014).

Eastern Subalpine Warbler / Balkanbaardgrasmus
Sylvia cantillans 1,26,3
3 May, Midsland, Terschelling, Friesland, male, photographed (L Bot); 17-19 May, Mariëndal, Den Helder, Den Helder, Noord-Holland, male, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (J van Dillen-Staal, M Renden, M Haas et al; Dutch Birding 35: 270, plate 367, 2013); 19 May, Zwanenwater, Schagen, Noord-Holland, first-summer female, ringed, photograph­ed (F J Koning, P Spannenburg).
2002 19-20 May, Boschplaat, Terschelling, Friesland, male, photograph­ed (B Streutjens via R Keizer).
Using recently published identification criteria (cf Svensson 2013ab), Wassink & CDNA (2014) showed that nearly all well-documented 'subalpine warblers' in adult-type plumage identifiable to species were Eastern Subalpine Warblers. The 2002 record was only recently submitted and accepted and, therefore, it was not part of the revision by Wassink & CDNA (2014).

subalpine warbler / baardgrasmus
Sylvia subalpina/inornata/cantillans 4,31,1
11-12 May, Lange Paal, Vlieland, Friesland, male, photographed (R Wilschut et al).
A review of all records of 'subalpine warblers' was published by Wassink & CDNA (2014). The results have been adopted by the CDNA, and are not all repeated here. In four unspecified 'subalpine warblers', vocalizations ruled out Moltoni's Warbler S subalpina (cf Wassink & CDNA 2014). The only record of Moltoni's (at Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, on 23-26 May 1987) is under review (cf Wassink & CDNA 2014). Totals exclude birds accepted to species level.

Sardinian Warbler / Kleine Zwartkop
Sylvia melanocephala 0,9,0
1996 20 April, Mokkebank, Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, male, ringed, photographed (Y Albada, H van den Berg).
There are now nine records: two in 1980-89, six in 1990-99 and only one since 2000 (in 2006).

Siberian Lesser Whitethroat / Siberische Braamsluiper
Sylvia althaea blythi 0,2,4
13 September, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, ringed, photographed (H Levering, C S Roselaar, J Visser et al; de Knijff 2014ab); 27 September, Meijendel, Wassenaar, Zuid-Holland, ringed, photographed (V van der Spek; de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 36: 144, plate 176, 2014); 18 October, Kenne­mer­duinen, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, ringed, photograph­ed (A van Aken, A B van den Berg, P Kooij et al; cf van den Berg 2012, de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 35: 413, plate 530, 2013); 3 December to 14 January 2014, Eemshaven, Eemsmond, Groningen, ringed (on 10 January 2014), photographed (J Bosma, M Olthoff et al; de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 36: 137, plate 169, 2014).
2012 17-20 October, Kennemerduinen, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (A van Aken, A B van den Berg; van den Berg 2012, de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 34: 422, plate 598, 2012).
2008 30 November to 15 January 2009, Houten, Houten, Utrecht, adult, trapped, dead, skin in collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center at Leiden, photographed (E Bakker, B Rijksen et al; de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 31: 136, plate 150, 2009).
Recent results of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses of these six 'lesser whitethroats' Sylvia curruca/althaea revealed that they could be assigned to Siberian Lesser Whitethroat S a blythi (van den Berg 2012, de Knijff 2014ab; Peter de Knijff in litt).

Desert Lesser Whitethroat / Vale Braamsluiper
Sylvia althaea halimodendri 0,1,0
2006 2 November to 7 April 2007, Vinkhuizen, Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, retrapped (on 5 February 2007), photographed, sound-recorded (R Nuiver et al; de Knijff & van Loon 2007, van den Berg 2012; de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 28: 123, plate 169, 2006, 29: 137, plate 183, 2007).
2005 31 December to 12 April 2006, Vinkhuizen, Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, ringed (on 4 January 2006), photographed, sound-recorded (R Nuiver et al; van den Berg 2012, de Knijff & van Loon 2007, de Knijff 2014ab; Dutch Birding 28: 123, plate 169, 2006, 29: 137, plate 183, 2007).
The identification of this returning bird as Desert (formerly Central Asian) Lesser Whitethroat S a halimodendri was based on a mtDNA analysis (de Knijff 2014ab; Peter de Knijff in litt).

Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler / Siberische Sprinkhaan­zanger
Locustella certhiola 0,9,1
24 September, Kennemerduinen, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (P Bergkamp et al).
Nine out of 10 records involve birds trapped at ringing stations in the Kennemerland region, Noord-Holland, all between 12 September and 5 October. This was the second for the station at Bloemendaal; the other seven were 14 km to the north at the Castricum station.

Lanceolated Warbler / Kleine Sprinkhaanzanger
Locustella lanceolata 2,1,1
5 October, Ooijpolder, Ubbergen, Gelderland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (B Ubels et al; Dutch Birding 35: 417, plate 539, 2013).
An unexpected record far inland, close to the German border. The previous records are from 11 December 1912 (Haamstede, Zeeland, lighthouse victim), September 1958 (aboard ship off Vlissingen, Zeeland, found dead) and 20 September 2002 (Zandvoort, Noord-Holland, ringed).

River Warbler / Krekelzanger
Locustella fluviatilis 6,63,4
20-29 May, Leeuwarderbos, Leeuwarden, Friesland, photographed, sound-recorded, videoed (G Krottje et al; Dutch Birding 35: 270, plate 366, 2013); 27 May, Soeckebacker, Terrein Egmond, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Bergen, Noord-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded (H Kivit et al); 31 May to 12 June, Varsen, Ommen, Overijssel, photographed, sound-recorded, videoed (M Bunskoek et al); 3-6 July, Visserij, Naardermeer, Weesp, Noord-Holland, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (F Vogelzang et al).
2012 22 May to 14 June, Flevopark, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded, videoed (A van Eck, T Visbeek et al); 21 June to 2 July, Oosterpolder, Haren, Groningen, sound-recorded (J H Venema, M Jonker et al).
1992 28 May to 7 June, Landgoed Sandenburg, Langbroek, Wijk bij Duurstede, Utrecht (M van Vuurde, H Kossen).
The 1992 record concerns a date extension and locality correction. The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Booted Warbler / Kleine Spotvogel
Iduna caligata 0,15,7
24 August, IJmuiden, Velsen, Noord-Holland, photographed (R Alberts); 28 August, IJmuiden, Velsen, Noord-Holland, photographed (R Rotscheid); 28 August, Kennemerduinen, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, ringed, photographed (T M van Spanje, A B van den Berg, L Buckx et al; Dutch Birding 35: 351, plate 445, 2013); 7 September, Eemshaven, Eemsmond, Groningen, photo­graph­ed (M Olthoff et al); 9 September, Noord­hollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed, videoed (A J van Loon et al); 12 September, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (L Bregman et al via A J van Loon); 4 October, Noord­zeestrand, Vlieland, Friesland, first-winter, photo­graph­ed, videoed (L Buckx et al; Dutch Birding 35: 420, plate 545, 2013).
A record year, lifting the total number of records from 15 to 22. All are from the period between 24 August and 9 October.

Paddyfield Warbler / Veldrietzanger
Acrocephalus agricola 1,32,1
20 August, Ooijpolder, Ubbergen, Gelderland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (B Ubels et al; Dutch Birding 35: 350, plate 442, 2013).
A report of an elusive bird at Sonderleien, Friesland, on 23-25 August is still under consideration. Only two records out of 34 concern birds away from ringing stations.

Blyth's Reed Warbler / Struikrietzanger
Acrocephalus dumetorum 0,19,9
4 August, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photograph­ed (H Leve­ring et al); 19 August, Ooijpolder, Ubbergen, Gelderland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (B Ubels, C Brinkman et al; Dutch Birding 35: 350, plate 443, 2013); 5-7 September, Schipsloot, Venebuurt, Opster­land, Friesland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (W Bil, A Venema); 15 September, Derde Kroonspolder, Vlieland, Friesland, first-winter, ringed, photograph­ed (M Collier, S Delany); 27 September, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (H Levering et al); 28 September, Oude Krimbos, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded (R F J van Beusekom et al); 4 October, Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, Zand­voort, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (H Vader); 10-15 October, Polder Wassenaar, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photograph­ed, sound-recorded, videoed (A Wassink et al; Birding World 26: 418, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 413, plate 529, 416, plate 537, 2013); 20-21 October, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed, sound-recorded (D Kok et al).
The first record of this species was as recent as 1990. Since 2009, it has been recorded annually and 2013 was a record year.

Rosy Starling / Roze Spreeuw
Pastor roseus 21,95,-
2001 24 May to 17 June, Hellegatsplaten, Goeree-Overflakkee, Zuid-Holland, adult summer (D van Straalen et al); 21 August, Terschellinger Polder, Terschelling, Friesland, juvenile (T de Boer et al).
These records bring the total for 2001 to nine. The species is no longer considered since 1 January 2003 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

* Western Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin / Westelijke Rosse Waaierstaart
Cercotrichas galactotes galactotes 0,0,1
25-27 September, Harger- en Pettemerpolder, Bergen, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed, videoed (H van Lierop, M Plomp et al; Ottens 2013; Birding World 26: 372, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 381, plate 474-476, 382, plate 477-478, 413, plate 528, 2013).
The bird stayed on (and near) a stable within 400 m from the sea and was seen by many birders. Based on, eg, tail pattern and warm orange-brown upperparts, almost concolorous with the uppertail, it was identified as the nominate subspecies C g galactotes.

Red-spotted Bluethroat / Roodsterblauwborst
Luscinia svecica svecica 24,50,1
5 June, Blijham, Bellingwedde, Groningen, male, photographed (G Sterk).

Red-flanked Bluetail / Blauwstaart
Tarsiger cyanurus 1,15,4
12-15 October, Kwade Hoek, Goedereede, Zuid-Holland, photographed (E Sandberg et al); 15 October, Levensvreugd, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photographed, videoed (T Fijen et al; Dutch Birding 35: 420, plate 544, 2013); 17-23 October, Lange Paal, Vlieland, Friesland, first-winter, photographed (J van 't Bosch et al; Dutch Birding 35: 419, plate 541, 2013); 13 November, Hollandse Kade, Kockengen, Woerden, Utrecht, first-winter, photograph­ed (H de Rooij, M van Antwerpen; Dutch Birding 36: 61, plate 81, 2014).
The annual number of records of this attractive species is clearly showing an increase, in line with the increasing number of records elsewhere in Europe and the increasing Finnish breeding population (Mikkola & Rajasärkkä 2014). Of 20 records up to 2013, 16 were from the past eight years, with both 2010 and 2013 producing four. October obviously stands out as the best month, with 15.

Siberian Stonechat / Aziatische Roodborsttapuit
Saxicola maurus maurus 9,33,3
21-22 September, Mandevallei, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter male, photographed (D Kok et al); 10 October, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter male, photographed, videoed (J de Bruijn et al; Dutch Birding 35: 414, plate 532, 2013); 14-15 October, Grafelijkheidsduinen, Den Helder, Noord-Holland, first-winter female, photographed (M Renden, J van Dillen-Staal et al).

Common Rock Thrush / Rode Rotslijster
Monticola saxatilis 2,10,0
A male rock thrush Monticola at Den Helder, Noord-Holland, on 11-14 April (Boven & Ebels 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 213, plate 265, 216, plate 268-269, 217, plate 270, 2013) could not be identified with certainty. It was either an aberrant Common Rock Thrush M saxatilis (with, eg, too much blue on its underparts) or a hybrid Common x Blue Rock Thrush M solitarius; eastern (red-bellied) taxa of the Blue Rock Thrush complex could be ruled out (see Systematic list of rejected reports).

Isabelline Wheatear / Izabeltapuit
Oenanthe isabellina 0,6,2
25 October to 8 November, Maasvlakte, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, first-winter, photographed, videoed (D Groenendijk, T Termaat et al; Dutch Birding 35: 421, plate 546, 2013, 36: 64, plate 87, 2014); 2 November, Postweg, Vlieland, Friesland, male, photographed (S Lagerveld et al; Dutch Birding 36: 58, plate 74, 2014).
There are now eight records, all between 31 August and 18 November and all from coastal areas.

Pied Wheatear / Bonte Tapuit
Oenanthe pleschanka 0,17,2
4 June, Meijendel, Wassenaar, Zuid-Holland, first-summer male, photographed, videoed (N Aarts, L Punt et al); 3-5 July, Hollum, Ameland, Friesland, and 9 July, Ferwerderpolder, Ferwerderadiel, Friesland, first-summer male, photograph­ed (F Sieste, C Martens et al; Birding World 26: 327, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 258, plate 341, 271, plate 368, 352, plate 448, 2013).
The Ameland and Ferwerderadiel records are regarded to refer to the same individual, which had moved c 17 km south to the mainland. This is the fifth year with multiple occurrences, after 1992 (two records), 1999 (three), 2004 (two) and 2011 (two). A first-summer male 'pied wheatear' photographed on Texel, Noord-Holland, on 21 May 2012 showed several features of Pied but some features did not fit this species but neither Eastern Blackeared Wheatear O melanoleuca. It was most likely a hybrid Pied x Eastern Black-eared Wheatear (the two species are known to hybridize) but the CDNA could not conclude this with certainty (see Systematic list of rejected reports).

Desert Wheatear / Woestijntapuit
Oenanthe deserti 1,30,3
31 October to 2 November, Westkapelle, Veere, Zeeland, first-winter male, photographed, videoed (P A Wolf et al; Dutch Birding 35: 421, plate 547, 2013); 8-12 November, Pieterburen, De Marne, Groningen, first-winter male, photographed (A-W Faber et al); 2-14 December, Solleveld, Westland, Zuid-Holland, first-winter female (M Lok, G Gelling et al).

Collared Flycatcher / Withalsvliegenvanger
Ficedula albicollis 24,11,2
7 May, Eemshaven, Eemsmond, Groningen, first-summer male, photographed, sound-recorded (M Olthoff et al; Dutch Birding 35: 267, plate 362, 2013); 19 May, Westkapelle, Veere, Zeeland, male (F Arts).
The best month for this species is May, with 28 of the 37 records.

Citrine Wagtail / Citroenkwikstaart
Motacilla citreola 0,37,4
4 May, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, adult male, photographed (L B Steijn, H Zeven­huizen et al); 21 August, Lies, Terschelling, Friesland, first-winter, photographed, sound-recorded (R Wilschut, J van Deijk, D Drukker et al); 23 August, Oostervallei, Vlieland, Friesland, first-winter, photograph­ed, sound-recorded (W van der Ham et al); 25 August, Eendragtspolder, Zevenhuizen, Zuidplas, Zuid-Holland, first-winter, photographed (G Bakker et al).
2012 29 September, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-winter, photograph­ed (D Kok).

Olive-backed Pipit / Siberische Boompieper
Anthus hodgsoni 0,51,4
10 October, Reddingsweg, Schiermonnikoog, Friesland, photographed (M Bunskoek et al; Dutch Birding 35: 419, plate 540, 2013); 14 October, Parnassia, Kennemerduinen, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, photographed, sound-recorded (L Buckx, P de Nobel); 20 October, Vogelduin, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, sound-recorded (I van der Brugge et al); 25 October, Puinhoop, Katwijk aan Zee, Katwijk, Zuid-Holland, sound-recorded (W Halfwerk et al).
2012 10 October, Kobbeduinen, Schiermonnikoog, Friesland, sound-recorded (S Bot); 19 October, Kwintelooyen, Rhenen, Utrecht, sound-recorded (G J P Gelder­blom et al); 20 October, Kwintelooyen, Rhenen, Utrecht, sound-recorded (G J P Gelderblom et al); 22 October, Oost-Vlieland, Vlieland, Friesland, sound-recorded (T Fijen).
2011 21 October, Vulkaan, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, sound-recorded (R van der Vliet et al); 21 October, Vulkaan, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, sound-recorded (R van der Vliet et al).
Martin (2013) described a method to separate Olive-backed Pipit from Tree Pipit A trivialis by call, based on various parameters such as pitch and modulation. The CDNA used this method for sound-recordings of assumed Olive-backed recorded. The records at Vulkaan, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, on 21 October 2011 are of two different individuals, both sound-recorded when passing this watchpoint. The totals for 2011 and 2012 now stand at six and 23 individuals, respectively. Several sound-recorded inviduals from 2013 and earlier years have only recently been submitted.

Arctic Redpoll / Witstuitbarmsijs
Acanthis hornemanni exilipes 43,69,4
11 November, Belkmerweg, Burgervlotbrug, Schagen, Noord-Holland, first-winter female, ringed, photographed (F J Koning); 16 November, Zwanenwater, Schagen, Noord-Holland, first-winter, ringed, photographed (F J Koning); 1-6 December, Peelerpark, Assen, Drenthe, photographed (M Dijksterhuis, P van Veelen et al); 14 December to 5 January 2014, Gagelpolder, De Bilt, Utrecht, photographed (J Bosch et al).
1990 14-22 December, Buitenveldert, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, two, photographed (J Brandjes).
The record in December 1990 concerns a date extension (one day earlier). The subspecies exilipes will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date. Numbers include Arctic Redpolls not accepted to subspecies but exclude Hornemann's Redpoll C h hornemanni (one record).

Two-barred Crossbill / Witbandkruisbek
Loxia leucoptera bifasciata 36,230,10
21 July, Roodeschool, Eemsmond, Groningen, first-summer male, photographed (R H Schripsema; Dutch Birding 35: 353, plate 450, 2013); 22 July, Ockusweg, Staatsbossen, Texel, Noord-Holland, juvenile, photographed (R van Splunter); 25 July to 5 August, Kwintelooyen, Rhenen, Utrecht, sound-recorded (G J P Gelder­blom); 29 September, West-Terschelling, Terschelling, Friesland, female, photographed (J Lok); 7 November to 4 February 2014, Noordlaarderbos, Haren, Groningen, first-winter male, photographed, sound-recorded, videoed (L Brinkhuizen, A van Lübeck et al; Dutch Birding 36: 63, plate 85, 2014); 17-23 November, Aekinger­zand, Appelscha, Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, two, adult male and female-type, photographed, sound-recorded (M Stienstra et al; Dutch Birding 36: 63, plate 82 and 84, 2014); 7-9 December, Haagse Bos, Oldenzaal, Enschede, Overijssel, male, sound-recorded (M Bonte et al); 31 December to 26 January 2014, Kaapse Bossen, Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Utrecht, two, male and female, photographed, videoed (J Griffioen et al).
These birds were part of a small influx. Previous influxes were in the winters of 1990/91, 1997/98 and 2002/03. Identification of this distinctive crossbill may seem straightforward but is complicated by the occurrence of wing-barred Red Crossbills L curvirostra (so-called 'rubrifasciata' type), which may be of hybrid origin (cf Hinchon 2014, Roselaar 2014). The species will no longer be considered from 1 January 2015 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date. The identification of a juvenile collected at Den Helder, Noord-Holland, on 2 September 1990 was questioned by Roselaar (2014), based on measurements; therefore, this record will be reviewed.

Parrot Crossbill / Grote Kruisbek
Loxia pytyopsittacus 15,611,-
Because of a large influx of Parrot Crossbills in the winter of 2013/14 (with nearly 100 records), the CDNA decided to remove this species from the list of species considered from 1 January 2013 but still welcomes reports from before this date.

Cretzschmar's Bunting / Bruinkeelortolaan
Emberiza caesia 1,2,1
5 May, Lauwersoog, De Marne, Groningen, male, photographed, videoed (J Breidenbach, M Zweemer et al; Ebels et al 2013a; Birding World 26: 187, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 181, plate 204, 182, plate 205-206, 184, plate 207, 205, plate 249, 273, plate 371, 2013).
This one-day bird was the first twitchable. Previous records are from 11 October 1859 (Overveen, Noord-Holland, collected), 7-11 May 1994 (Ameland, Friesland) and 13-17 May 2011 (Rottumerplaat, Groningen).

Little Bunting / Dwerggors
Emberiza pusilla 27,81,-
1990 16-17 October, Oosterend, Terschelling, Friesland (B van 't Holt, R Griffioen, A van den Herik).
1989 19 October, Oorsprongweg, Texel, Noord-Holland (W A Wiegant, A Vink, E Russer et al).
The species is no longer considered from 1 January 2004 but the CDNA still welcomes reports from before this date.

Black-headed Bunting / Zwartkopgors
Emberiza melanocephala 2,11,0
2012 10 June, Prunjepolder, Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, male (H Snijders, D van Houwelingen, G L Ouwe­neel et al).
With 11 records between 5 May and 28 June, late spring is the best period to find this species.

* Bronzed Grackle / Glanstroepiaal
Quiscalus quiscula versicolor 0,0,1
8 April, Kamperhoek, Dronten, Flevoland, photographed (R Slaterus, M Roos, T Lakeman et al; Slaterus 2013, 2014; Birding World 26: 142, 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 215, plate 266-267, 2013).
This bird was seen by five observers as it flew north-east over a migration watchpoint. Based on the strong contrast between glossy blue head and neck and glossy brown body, it belonged to the migratory subspecies Q q versicolor (Bronzed Grackle), which breeds in Canada and in a large part of the USA and winters as far south as Texas, USA. Northern birds tend to migrate the furthest ('leap-frog migration'). Within the WP, only one other record is known, at Gevninge, Sjælland, Denmark, from late March to c 20 April 1970. This record was, however, not accepted by the Danish rarities committee.

Systematic list of rejected reports
This list contains all records not accepted by the CDNA. Records marked with @ were rejected by all committee members in the first or second voting. Most records were rejected because the identification was not fully established (often due to lack of documentation) or when the bird showed signs of captivity, such as dubious rings, excessive wear and/or aberrant behaviour.

Ross's Goose / Ross' Gans Anser rossii 22 December, Scherpenissepolder, Tholen, Zeeland, photographed (@ photographs do not show Ross's Goose but most likely a 'feral goose'). Greenland White-fronted Goose / Groenlandse Kolgans Anser albifrons flavirostris 30 December, Belkmerweg, Petten, Schagen, Noord-Holland, photographed (@ probably orange-billed Greater White-fronted Goose A a albifrons). King Eider / Koningseider Somateria spectabilis 17-18 March, Terschelling, Friesland, male (the CDNA decided that both descriptions were too incomplete to accept as a date extension of (accepted) bird photographed on 16 March); 25 March, Refugium, Den Helder, Noord-Holland, male (@ description incomplete). Harlequin Duck / Harlekijneend Histrionicus histrionicus 6 May, Mariapeel, Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, male (@ description incomplete). Marbled Duck / Marmereend Marmaronetta angustirostris 5 May, Oostmahorn, Dongeradeel, Friesland, two (@ description incomplete). Greenwinged x Common Teal / Amerikaanse Wintertaling x Wintertaling Anas carolinensis x crecca 18 February, De Kuilen, Mill en Sint Hubert, Noord-Brabant, male, photographed (@ photograph shows Common Teal with wing hanging down, showing white bar on greater wing-coverts). Pallid Swift / Vale Gierzwaluw Apus pallidus 25 October, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Castricum, Noord-Holland, photographed (description incomplete and photographs show insufficient details to exclude Common Swift A apus); 26 October, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photographed (description incomplete and photographs show insufficient details to fully exclude Common); 26 October, Breskens, Sluis, Zeeland (@ description incomplete and not supported by photographs, which is required to rule out Common); 26 October, Westduinpark, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland (@ description incomplete and not supported by photographs, which is required to rule out Common); 27 October, Wildervank, Veendam, Groningen (@ description incomplete and not supported by photographs which is required to rule out Common); 27 October, Bunschoten, Bunschoten, Utrecht (@ description incomplete and not supported by photographs, which is required to rule out Common); 30 October, Koningsbosch, Echt-Susteren, Limburg (@ description incomplete and not supported by photographs, which is required to rule out Common); 8 November, Oostkapelle, Veere, Zee­land, photographed (@ description incomplete and photographs show insufficient details to exclude Common). Great Spotted Cuckoo / Kuifkoekoek Clamator glandarius 24 August, Maldens Vlak, Heumen, Gelderland (@ description incomplete). Demoiselle Crane / Juffer­kraanvogel Grus virgo 3 May, Veendam, Veendam, Groningen, photographed (photograph of low quality shows too little detail to rule out Common Crane G grus); 10 June, Raalte, Raalte, Overijssel, photographed (identification accepted but presence of rings not excluded). Great Shearwater / Grote Pijlstormvogel Puffinus gravis 17 October, Paal 9, Texel, Noord-Holland (bird seen by very experienced birder but incomplete description given); 23 October, Marsdiep, Texel, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete). Squacco Heron / Ralreiger Ardeola ralloides 30 October to 4 November, Buitenpost, Achtkarspelen, Friesland, photographed (@ photographs show a first-winter Ardeola heron but not a Squacco; it wore a colourring so it was definitely an escape). Red-necked Stint / Roodkeelstrandloper Calidris ruficollis 25 July, Polder IJdoorn, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete). Buff-breasted Sandpiper / Blonde Ruiter Calidris subruficollis 7 October, Polder de Eendracht, Texel, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete). Terek Sandpiper / Terekruiter Xenus cinereus 21 April, Rooskensdonk, Breda, Breda, Noord-Brabant, two (@ description incomplete); 7 May, Eemspolder, Eemsmond, Groningen (@ description incomplete). Great Snipe / Poelsnip Gallinago media 14 April, De Heest, Tynaarlo, Drenthe (@ description incomplete); 4 May, Waalenburg, Texel, Noord-Holland, photographed (description incomplete and photographs show insufficient details); 15 August, Eemshaven, Eemsmond, Groningen (@ description incomplete); 12 October, Lange Dam, Texel, Noord-Holland (description incomplete); 24 October, Boezem II, Pijnacker-Nootdorp, Zuid-Holland (description incomplete). Slender-billed Gull / Dunbekmeeuw Chroicocephalus genei 11 July, Markiezaat, Bergen op Zoom, Noord-Brabant (@ description incomplete). Laughing Gull / Lachmeeuw Larus atricilla 10 June, Ezumakeeg, Dongeradeel, Friesland (@ description incomplete). Ring-billed Gull / Ringsnavelmeeuw Larus delawarensis 6 February, Drachten, Smallingerland, Friesland, photographed (@ photographs show Common Gull L canus canus). Golden Eagle / Steenarend Aquila chrysaetos 26 July, Aamsveen, Enschede, Overijssel, videoed (description incomplete and video quality too poor to rule out other raptors). Booted Eagle / Dwergarend Aquila pennata 7 July, Vliegbasis Soesterberg, Soest, Utrecht (@ description incomplete). Steppe Buzzard / Steppebuizerd Buteo buteo vulpinus 14 January, Haulerveld, Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, ringed, photographed (@ photograph shows Common Buzzard B b buteo). Long-legged Buzzard / Arendbuizerd Buteo rufinus 21 November, Berkheide, Wassenaar, Zuid-Holland (@ description incomplete). Snowy Owl / Sneeuwuil Bubo scandiacus 26 December, Den Hoorn, Texel, Noord-Holland (description incomplete). Grey-headed Woodpecker / Grijskopspecht Picus canus 17 April, Drents-Friese Wold, Westerveld, Drenthe, male (@ description incomplete and no sound-recording to support identification). Lesser Kestrel / Kleine Torenvalk Falco naumanni 14 April, Haarzuilens, Utrecht, Utrecht, photographed (@ description incomplete and quality of photograph too poor). Eleonora's Falcon / Eleonora's Valk Falco eleonorae 7 October, Vijfhoek, Diemen, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete); 12 October, Ketelbrug, Noordoostpolder, Flevoland (@ description incomplete). Gyr Falcon / Giervalk Falco rusticolus 20 January to 6 February, Den Oever, Wieringen, Hollands Kroon, Noord-Holland (@ description too incomplete to rule out possible hybrids); 4 February, Houtribdijk, Lelystad, Flevoland (@ description too incomplete to rule out possible hybrids); 5 April, Sint Annaland, Tholen, Zeeland (@ description incomplete); 11 May, Sint Annaland, Tholen, Zeeland (@ description incomplete). Lesser Grey Shrike / Kleine Klapekster Lanius minor 20 October, De Muy, Texel, Noord-Holland, photographed (@ description incomplete and quality of photograph too poor). Purple Martin / Purperzwaluw Progne subis 8 September, Panbos, Katwijk aan Zee, Katwijk, Zuid-Holland, photographed (@ description incomplete and quality of photographs too poor). Greenish Warbler / Grauwe Fitis Phylloscopus trochiloides 7 June, Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht (@ CDNA not convinced of description of a bird heard singing only without a sound-recording); 20 October, Schipluiden, Midden-Delfland, Zuid-Holland (@ CDNA not convinced of description of a bird heard singing only without a sound-recording). Hume's Leaf Warbler / Humes Bladkoning Phylloscopus humei 12 January, Haarlem, Haarlem, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete); 17-18 October, Hargen, Bergen, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete). Iberian Chiffchaff / Iberische Tjiftjaf Phylloscopus ibericus 21 April to 23 May, Borculo, Berkelland, Gelderland, sound-recorded (@ not sounding like a typical Iberian and most likely a hybrid or a Common Chiffchaff P collybita). Blyth's Reed Warbler / Struikrietzanger Acrocephalus dumetorum 9 August, Eemshaven, Eemsmond, Groningen, ringed, photographed (@ several features do not fit Blyth's Reed and could point to a hybrid Blyth's Reed x Marsh Warbler A palustris). Common Rock Thrush / Rode Rotslijster Monticola saxatilis 11-14 April, Den Helder, Den Helder, Noord-Holland, photographed, videoed (Boven & Ebels 2013; Dutch Birding 35: 213, plate 265, 216, plate 268-269, 217, plate 270, 2013). This male could not be identified with certainty. It was either an aberrant Common Rock Thrush or a hybrid Common x Blue Rock Thrush M saxatilis x solitarius; eastern (red-bellied) taxa of Blue Rock Thrush complex could be ruled out. Hopefully, future studies will be able to explain the puzzling appearance of this bird. For now, the CDNA could not reach a satisfying conclusion). Siberian Stonechat / Aziatische Roodborsttapuit Saxicola maurus 1 April, Zwolle, Zwolle, Overijssel, pair (@ description incomplete); 10-11 April, Lauwersmeer, De Marne, Groningen, male, photographed (description incomplete and quality of photographs too poor); 16 October, Tuintjes, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete). Semicollared Fly­catcher / Balkanvliegenvanger Ficedula semitorquata 21 April, Haaksbergerveen, Haaksbergen, Overijssel, photographed (@ photographs show European Pied Flycatcher F hypoleuca). Spanish Wagtail / Iberische Kwikstaart Motacilla cinereocapilla iberiae 21 April, Uffelte, Westerveld, Drenthe, male, photographed (@ no sound-recording or even a description of the sound to support the identification); 9 May, Bargerveen, Emmen, Drenthe, male, photographed (@ photograph shows Blue-headed Wagtail M flava). Citrine Wagtail / Citroen­kwikstaart Motacilla citreola 5 September, Katwijk aan Zee, Katwijk, Zuid-Holland (@ no sound-recording to support identification of bird flying over). Olive-backed Pipit / Siberische Boompieper Anthus hodgsoni 18 October, De Vlijen, Ameland, Friesland (@ description incomplete); 20 October, Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Bergen, Noord-Holland (@ no sound-recording; CDNA not convinced that this refers to the same individual accepted at nearby location). Two-barred Crossbill / Witbandkruisbek Loxia leucoptera bifasciata 25 July, Leusden, Leusden, Utrecht, photographed (@ description incomplete and certain features that would support the identification not visible on the photographs); 17 August, Ravenswoud, Oost­stellingwerf, Friesland (@ description incomplete); 25 September, Maarn, Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Utrecht, photographed (@ description incomplete and quality of photographs too poor); 23-24 October, Terschelling, Friesland, photographed (description incomplete and quality of photographs too poor to support identification); 12 December, Oostermaet, Lettele, Deventer, Overijssel (@ description incomplete).

2012
Alpine Swift / Alpengierzwaluw Apus melba 27 May, Castricum aan Zee, Castricum, Noord-Holland (description incomplete); 30 September, Kampina, Oirschot, Noord-Brabant (description incomplete). American Golden Plover / Amerikaanse Goudplevier Pluvialis dominica 23 September, Broekerpolder, Wieringen, Hollands Kroon, Noord-Holland, photographed (photograph shows European Golden Plover P apricaria). Bonaparte's Gull / Kleine Kokmeeuw Chroicocephalus philadelphia 25 June, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland (@ description too incomplete for a date extension of seven days without bird having been seen in between). Kumlien's Gull / Kumliens Meeuw Larus glaucoides kumlieni 14 January, Ternaard, Dongeradeel, Friesland, photographed (the few photographs seem to show nominate Iceland Gull L g glaucoides but the quality is too poor to be certain). Griffon Vulture / Vale Gier Gyps fulvus 27 July, Veenendaal, Veenendaal, Utrecht (description incomplete); 15 August, Voor-Drempt, Bronckhorst, Gelderland (description incomplete). Zugmayer's House Crow / Zugmayers Huiskraai Corvus splendens zugmayeri 6 May to 4 July 2013, Hoek van Holland, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, photographed (Dutch Birding 34: 340, plate 477, 2012, 35: 61, plate 91, 2013; there appears to be much variation in House Crow subspecies, so aberrantly coloured nominate not ruled out). Pied Wheatear / Bonte Tapuit Oenanthe pleschanka 21 May, Moksloot, Texel, Noord-Holland, first-summer male, photographed (this bird showed features of Pied but several features did not fit this species nor Eastern Black-eared Wheatear O melanoleuca; it most likely was a hybrid Pied x Eastern Black-eared Wheatear but the CDNA could not conclude this with certainty). Two-barred Crossbill / Witbandkruisbek Loxia leucoptera bifasciata 19 June, Klein Valkenisse, Veere, Zeeland, photographed (@ description incomplete and certain features that would support the identification not visible on photographs).

2011
Little Crake / Klein Waterhoen Porzana parva 12 June, Rijnhaven, Wageningen, Wageningen, Gelderland (@ no sound-recording or description of sound). Short-toed Snake Eagle / Slangenarend Circaetus gallicus 24 April, Castricum, Castricum, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete); 1 September, Aamsveen, Enschede, Overijssel (description incomplete). River Warbler / Krekelzanger Locustella fluviatilis 27 June, Drents-Friese Wold, Westerveld, Drenthe, sound-recorded (sound-recording concerns call only and CDNA not convinced that it belongs to this species). Red-flanked Bluetail / Blauwstaart Tarsiger cyanurus 17 October, Klein Zwitserland, Schiermonnikoog, Friesland (@ description too incomplete for a date extension of a bird accepted for 18-19 October).

2010
Great Snipe / Poelsnip Gallinago media 9 October, Vlissingen, Vlissingen, Zeeland (description incomplete). Short-toed Snake Eagle / Slangenarend Circaetus gallicus 30 May, Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland, Zandvoort, Noord-Holland (description too incomplete for date extension of four days without having been seen in between). Snowy Owl / Sneeuwuil Bubo scandiacus 8 January, Noordenveld, Noordenveld, Drenthe (@ description incomplete).

2009
Two-barred Warbler / Swinhoes Boszanger Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus 26 September, Robbenjager, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, photographed, videoed (@ this bird belongs to the Greenish Warbler species complex; some characters not in line with Two-barred, such as tapering inner end of wing-bar on greater coverts. Also, there was doubt concerning calls presumably heard and no recordings were made; bird had previously been submitted and rejected as Arctic Warbler P borealis). Hume's Leaf Warbler / Humes Bladkoning Phylloscopus humei 18 October, Stortemelk, Vlieland, Friesland (@ description incomplete). Olive-backed Pipit / Siberische Boompieper Anthus hodgsoni 4 October, Oost-Vlieland, Vlieland, Friesland, photographed (description incomplete and quality of single photograph too poor to support identification).

2008
Hooded Merganser / Kokardezaagbek Lophodytes cucullatus 2-17 February, Beuningse Veld, Wijchen, Gelderland, adult female, photographed (identification accepted; resubmitted (previously rejected) with additional photographs but the CDNA is still not convinced that this bird was unringed).

2005
Parrot Crossbill / Grote Kruisbek Loxia pytyopsittacus 12 February, Oostkapelle, Veere, Zeeland, photographed (@ description incomplete and quality of photographs too poor).

2004
Ring-billed Gull / Ringsnavelmeeuw Larus delawarensis 27 May, Vinkhuizen, Groningen, Groningen (@ description too incomplete for date extension of two days).

2002
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper / Siberische Strandloper Calidris acuminata 7 August, Ezumakeeg, Dongeradeel, Friesland (@ description too incomplete for a date extension of 10 days, during which it had been seen in Zeeland and western Friesland).

2000
Greenland White-fronted Goose / Groenlandse Kolgans Anser albifrons flavirostris 22 February, Vossenwaard, Kampen, Overijssel (@ description incomplete).

1998
Baillon's Crake / Kleinst Waterhoen Porzana pusilla 20-22 June, Grebbedijk, Wageningen, Wageningen, Gelderland (@ no sound-recording and description of call not convincing to rule out other species).

1996
Buff-breasted Sandpiper / Blonde Ruiter Calidris subruficollis 11 May, Bantpolder, Dongeradeel, Friesland (@ description incomplete).

1995
Pallid Harrier / Steppekiekendief Circus macrourus 7 May, Ibisweg, Zeewolde, Flevoland, first-summer (description incomplete).

1994
Greater Sand Plover / Woestijnplevier Charadrius leschenaultii 4 September, Westplaat, Westvoorne, Zuid-Holland (@ previously accepted based on descriptions by two observers, but one observer recently retracted his observation, after which record was resubmitted; remaining description incomplete).

1991
Little Bunting / Dwerggors Emberiza pusilla 28 September, Vlaardingse Vlietlanden, Midden-Delfland, Zuid-Holland (description incomplete).

1990
Glossy Ibis / Zwarte Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 18 November, Valkenburg, Katwijk, Zuid-Holland (resubmitted after previously being rejected; the CDNA did not get new information required for resubmission, so it was rejected again). Two-barred Crossbill / Witbandkruisbek Loxia leucoptera bifasciata 17 October, Garderen, Barneveld, Gelderland, four (@ description incomplete).

1989
Swinhoe's Storm Petrel / Chinees Stormvogeltje Oceanodroma monorhis 8 October, North Sea off Ameland, Ameland, Friesland (@ although description contains some good features for this species, the CDNA considered the documentation, which contains no photographs, too poor for acceptance).

1988
Alpine Swift / Alpengierzwaluw Apus melba 5-18 July, De Uithof, Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht (resubmitted after previously being rejected; the CDNA did not get new information required for resubmission, so it was rejected again).

1985
Baillon's Crake / Kleinst Waterhoen Porzana pusilla 31 May, Stichtse Brug, Blaricum, Noord-Holland (@ no sound-recording and description of call not convincing to rule out other species).

1979
Woodchat Shrike / Roodkopklauwier Lanius senator 14-15 August, Boschplaat, Terschelling, Friesland (description incomplete).

1976
Woodchat Shrike / Roodkopklauwier Lanius senator 20 May, Gaasperplas, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland (@ description incomplete).

1957
Pectoral Sandpiper / Gestreepte Strandloper Calidris melanotos 14 August, Oostvoornse Meer, Westvoorne, Zuid-Holland (@ description incomplete).

Acknowledgements
The CDNA wishes to thank Bram Rijksen who kindly provided the drawing of the Western Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin on p 365. The editors of Dutch Birding and Gerald Oreel assisted in checking record details. August van Rijn kindly assisted the archivist in submitting records and gathering and checking record details.

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Marcel Haas, Helmweg 12 C, 1759 NE Callantsoog, Netherlands
Roy Slaterus, Bervoetsbos 71, 2134 PM Hoofddorp, Netherlands
CDNA, p/a Duinlustparkweg 98A, 2082 EG Santpoort-Zuid, Netherlands (cdna@dutchbirding.nl)

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